It is my understanding that:
- In TLS, the hash function is used only in HMAC construct.
- SHA-1 is secure when used in HMAC.
- TLS 1.2 switched the PRF used to derive the symmetric keys to no weaker than SHA-2, regardless of ciphersuite, thus in TLS 1.2 the hash function named in the ciphersuite is used only for HMAC during bulk data transfer.
- TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 seems no more secure than TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, but has more bandwidth overhead (extra 12 bytes each record, which may be up to 16KB long).
Is the above correct? What was the rationale for defining the CBC SHA-2 ciphersuites in TLS 1.2? Was it a hedge against HMAC_SHA1 getting catastrophically broken but in such a way that leaves HMAC_SHA256 intact?
If my analysis is correct, does it mean that there is no point in supporting TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256? Is this the reasoning behind Android 5 and golang not supporting CBC_SHA256?
Note: I know about PFS and AEAD, this is a question about the merits of CBC_SHA256 vs. CBC_SHA.
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